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Overview
Specifications & Features
How It Works
Under normal operating conditions, a lightning arrester acts as an insulator, and no current flows through it. When a high-voltage surge (transient overvoltage) occurs due to a lightning strike, the material inside the arrester breaks down and becomes highly conductive. This channels the surge current safely to the earth via a ground wire. Once the voltage returns to normal levels, the arrester restores its high-resistance state, preventing the continued flow of normal power frequency current to the ground
Additional Information
Key Functions and Uses
- Equipment Protection: Prevents severe damage to expensive electrical equipment like transformers, circuit breakers, generators, and sensitive electronic devices.
- Safety: Mitigates the risk of electrical fires, explosions, and electric shocks to people and animals by safely grounding the massive electrical energy.
- System Reliability: Ensures the continuous operation and integrity of power systems and communication networks by avoiding unexpected downtime caused by lightning damage.
- Versatility: Used in a variety of applications, from residential homes and commercial buildings to large industrial substations, overhead power lines, and communication lines.
Types of Lightning Arresters
Various types of lightning arresters exist, selected based on factors like voltage rating, application, and cost. Common types include:
- Rod Gap Arrester: A simple and inexpensive type using an air gap between two rods, primarily for low-voltage applications.
- Metal Oxide (MOV) Arrester: A modern, highly effective type that uses zinc oxide discs as non-linear resistors. They are widely used in high-voltage systems and require less maintenance.
- Horn Gap Arrester: Features two horn-shaped metal rods with an air gap, used to protect systems where the normal voltage is insufficient to jump the gap.
- Early Streamer Emission (ESE) Arrester: Designed to provide a faster conductive path for lightning by emitting charged particles, offering a larger protection radius for buildings.
Lightning Arrester vs. Surge Arrester
While often used interchangeably, there are key distinctions between a lightning arrester (often called a lightning rod or air terminal) and a surge arrester (surge diverter or SPD):
| Feature | Lightning Arrester (Rod/Air Terminal) | Surge Arrester (SPD) |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Protects external structures from direct lightning strikes by intercepting the strike. | Protects internal electrical systems from over-voltages (transients) caused by various sources, including indirect lightning and switching operations. |
| Location | Typically installed on the highest point of a building or tower. | Installed within the electrical system, such as at the main service entrance, in circuit breaker panels, or near sensitive equipment terminals. |
| Voltage Range | Designed to handle extremely high currents and voltages from a direct strike. | Designed for moderate over-voltage transients within the electrical network. |
For total safety, a comprehensive lightning protection system should include both external lightning arresters and internal surge protection devices.